Monolithic concrete elements of compressive strength around 3,000 psi, and as-thin-as one inch, are generally watertight except at discontinuities. Locations where concrete elements are not generally monolithic include:

• Temperature, shrinkage, and structural cracks
• Construction (cold), isolation and expansion joints
• Interfaces of (M/E/P), mechanical, electrical, and plumbing penetrations
• Honeycombs, and similar locations of poor consolidation